NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+ / NMN / NR))
Critical coenzyme declining 50% between ages 40-60. Supplementation via precursors (NMN, NR) or direct NAD+ infusion restores cellular energy, DNA repair, and sirtuin pathways.
How it works
NAD+ serves as cofactor for sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARPs (DNA repair), and CD38. Declining NAD+ impairs mitochondrial function and epigenetic maintenance. Restoration reactivates longevity pathways.
Key facts
- Molecular weight: 663.4 Da
- Half-life: 1-4 hours (IV), 4-8h (oral precursors)
- Bioavailability: 100% (IV), variable (oral 5-30%)
- Storage: NMN/NR: cool, dry, sealed. NAD+ solution: refrigerated.
Dosing overview
- Typical dose: 250-500mg IV or 500-1000mg NMN oral
- Frequency: Weekly (IV) or Daily (oral)
- Duration: Ongoing
- Route: IV infusion or Oral (precursors)
Reported benefits
- Restored cellular energy
- Enhanced DNA repair
- Sirtuin activation
- Improved mitochondrial function
- Cognitive clarity
- Anti-aging
Possible side effects
- Flushing (IV)
- Nausea
- Headache
- Insomnia if taken late
- GI discomfort (oral)
Research
- NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial function in aging (2022): Restored mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production to youthful levels in aged tissue.
- NMN supplementation RCT in middle-aged adults (2023): 250mg NMN daily for 12 weeks increased blood NAD+ by 40% and improved muscle insulin sensitivity.
Compare NAD+
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.