Metformin vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A side-by-side research comparison of Metformin and SS-31 (Elamipretide) across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | Metformin | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Metformin Hydrochloride | SS-31 / Elamipretide (Bendavia) |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | FDA-approved (off-label for longevity) | Investigational |
| Mechanism | Activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits mitochondrial complex I, reduces hepatic glucose output, and activates autophagy. Mimics the metabolic benefits of caloric restriction. | Targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizes cytochrome c binding, optimizes electron transfer efficiency, and reduces mitochondrial ROS by 50%. |
| Molecular weight | 165.62 Da | 640.8 Da |
| Half-life | ~6.2 hours | 4-6 hours |
| Bioavailability | ~50-60% oral | High (SubQ) |
| Typical dose | 500-1000 mg | 5-40 mg |
| Frequency | 1-2x daily | Daily |
| Route | Oral tablet (extended-release preferred) | Subcutaneous or IV |
Metformin reported benefits
- AMPK activation
- Anti-aging cellular effects
- Cancer risk reduction
- Cardiovascular protection
- Blood sugar regulation
- Longevity support
SS-31 (Elamipretide) reported benefits
- Mitochondrial function optimization
- Reduced oxidative stress
- Cardioprotection
- Improved exercise capacity
- Renal protection
- Cellular energy
Related comparisons
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.