GDF-11 vs Metformin
A side-by-side research comparison of GDF-11 and Metformin across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | GDF-11 | Metformin |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Growth Differentiation Factor 11 | Metformin Hydrochloride |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | FDA-approved (off-label for longevity) |
| Mechanism | Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging. | Activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits mitochondrial complex I, reduces hepatic glucose output, and activates autophagy. Mimics the metabolic benefits of caloric restriction. |
| Molecular weight | 12,500 Da | 165.62 Da |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours | ~6.2 hours |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ/IV) | ~50-60% oral |
| Typical dose | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research) | 500-1000 mg |
| Frequency | Daily (animal studies) | 1-2x daily |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Oral tablet (extended-release preferred) |
GDF-11 reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
Metformin reported benefits
- AMPK activation
- Anti-aging cellular effects
- Cancer risk reduction
- Cardiovascular protection
- Blood sugar regulation
- Longevity support
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Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.