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Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin))

Category: Immune Support. Status: Approved internationally (not FDA-approved).

A thymic peptide approved in over 35 countries for immune modulation. Enhances T-cell function, dendritic cell maturation, and anti-viral/anti-tumor immunity without overstimulation.

How it works

Activates toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR9) on dendritic cells, promotes T-cell maturation and differentiation, enhances NK cell cytotoxicity, and modulates cytokine profiles.

Key facts

  • Molecular weight: 3108.3 Da
  • Half-life: ~2-3 hours
  • Bioavailability: ~85% subcutaneous
  • Storage: Lyophilized: 2-8°C. Reconstituted: 2-8°C for up to 14 days.

Dosing overview

  • Typical dose: 1.6-3.2 mg
  • Frequency: 2-3x per week
  • Duration: 4-12 weeks or longer
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection

Protocol notes

  • A common protocol is 1.6 mg twice weekly, stepping to 3.2 mg or 3x weekly during active immune challenges.
  • For chronic immune support, many run lower, less frequent dosing (e.g. 1.6 mg twice weekly) over longer periods.
  • Often paired with other immune peptides (LL-37, KPV) during acute illness windows.

Reported benefits

  • Enhanced T-cell immunity
  • Anti-viral activity
  • Dendritic cell activation
  • Cancer immunosurveillance
  • Vaccine adjuvant effects

Possible side effects

  • Injection site discomfort
  • Mild fatigue
  • Low-grade fever (rare)
  • Muscle aches

Research

  • Thymalfasin in hepatitis B treatment (2019): Improved sustained virologic response rates by 25% when combined with standard antiviral therapy.
  • Thymosin alpha-1 immune modulation in COVID-19 (2021): Reduced mortality and improved T-cell counts in severe COVID-19 patients as adjunctive therapy.

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Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.