GDF-11 vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A side-by-side research comparison of GDF-11 and SS-31 (Elamipretide) across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | GDF-11 | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Growth Differentiation Factor 11 | SS-31 / Elamipretide (Bendavia) |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | Investigational |
| Mechanism | Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging. | Targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizes cytochrome c binding, optimizes electron transfer efficiency, and reduces mitochondrial ROS by 50%. |
| Molecular weight | 12,500 Da | 640.8 Da |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours | 4-6 hours |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ/IV) | High (SubQ) |
| Typical dose | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research) | 5-40 mg |
| Frequency | Daily (animal studies) | Daily |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Subcutaneous or IV |
GDF-11 reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
SS-31 (Elamipretide) reported benefits
- Mitochondrial function optimization
- Reduced oxidative stress
- Cardioprotection
- Improved exercise capacity
- Renal protection
- Cellular energy
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Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.