GDF-11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11)
A TGF-B superfamily member identified in parabiosis experiments as a circulating rejuvenation factor that declines with age. Shows regenerative effects on brain, heart, and muscle.
How it works
Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging.
Key facts
- Molecular weight: 12,500 Da
- Half-life: 6-8 hours
- Bioavailability: Moderate (SubQ/IV)
- Storage: Lyophilized: -80°C long term. Aliquots at -20°C.
Dosing overview
- Typical dose: 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research)
- Frequency: Daily (animal studies)
- Duration: 4-8 weeks
- Route: Subcutaneous
Reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
Possible side effects
- Limited safety data
- Theoretical cancer risk (TGF-B)
- Cachexia risk (high doses)
Research
- GDF-11 restores neurogenesis and vasculature in aged mice (2019): Increased neural stem cell proliferation by 200% and improved cerebral blood flow.
- Rejuvenation of aged cardiac stem cells by GDF-11 (2020): Reversed cardiac hypertrophy and restored progenitor function to youthful levels.
Compare GDF-11
Community discussions about GDF-11
- Adding GDF-11 to a KLOW stack – dosing and timing questions - 4 comments
- Thinking about adding GDF-11 to a low‑dose ACE‑031 stack – any thoughts on timing? - 3 comments
- GDF-11 cachexia risk at higher doses, anyone looked into the actual safety data? - 6 comments
- First time reading about GDF-11, can someone explain it simply? - 4 comments
- ACE-031 development halted over vascular side effects, worth revisiting? - 5 comments
- Ask the community about GDF-11
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.