GDF-11 vs Klotho
A side-by-side research comparison of GDF-11 and Klotho across mechanism, dosing, half-life, benefits, side effects and research status.
Comparison table
| Attribute | GDF-11 | Klotho |
|---|---|---|
| Full name | Growth Differentiation Factor 11 | Klotho Protein |
| Category | Anti-Aging | Anti-Aging |
| Status | Research compound | Research compound (preclinical/early) |
| Mechanism | Signals through activin type II receptors and SMAD2/3 to restore stem cell function, promote neurogenesis, and improve vascular remodeling in the context of aging. | Exists in membrane-bound and soluble forms. Soluble Klotho acts as a circulating hormone that modulates FGF23 signaling, regulates phosphate/vitamin D balance, suppresses certain growth and oxidative-stress pathways, and supports synaptic and cognitive function. |
| Molecular weight | 12,500 Da | ~130 kDa (full protein; fragments studied) |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours | Not well established for therapeutic forms |
| Bioavailability | Moderate (SubQ/IV) | Injectable in research; large protein with limited oral absorption |
| Typical dose | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg (research) | No established human dose |
| Frequency | Daily (animal studies) | Unknown |
| Route | Subcutaneous | Injection (research) |
GDF-11 reported benefits
- Potential tissue rejuvenation
- Neurogenesis stimulation
- Cardiac hypertrophy reversal
- Muscle stem cell activation
- Vascular remodeling
Klotho reported benefits
- Associated with longevity and slower aging
- Neuroprotection and improved cognition (preclinical)
- Supports kidney and cardiovascular health
- Regulates phosphate and mineral balance
Related comparisons
Research and educational reference only. Not medical advice.