MDMA Research Guide

Full name: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

An empathogen-entactogen studied by MAPS as the centerpiece of MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In supervised sessions it reduces fear and defensiveness, helping people revisit traumatic memories with less distress.

How MDMA Works

Triggers large releases of serotonin (and to a lesser extent dopamine and norepinephrine) and increases oxytocin, prolactin and cortisol. This produces feelings of trust, openness and emotional closeness that support psychotherapy.

Dosing Protocol

• Typical dose: 75-125 mg (often with an optional supplemental half-dose)
• Frequency: A small number of monthly sessions
• Duration: Acute effects last 4-6 hours
• Route: Oral, in a supervised therapeutic setting

Reported Benefits

• Studied for treatment-resistant PTSD
• Lowers fear response during trauma processing
• Increases trust and emotional openness
• Strong Phase 3 trial results from MAPS

Potential Side Effects

• Jaw clenching
• Raised heart rate and blood pressure
• Overheating
• Low mood in the days after
• Risk of dangerous interactions with other serotonergic drugs

Research Citations

1. MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD (Phase 3, MAPP1) (2021) - 67% of participants no longer met PTSD criteria after three MDMA-assisted therapy sessions, versus 32% on placebo with therapy.
2. MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD (Phase 3, MAPP2) (2023) - Confirmed earlier results in a broader, more diverse group, with significant reductions in PTSD symptoms.

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