Metformin Research Guide

Full name: Metformin Hydrochloride

The most prescribed diabetes medication globally, now widely used off-label for longevity. Activates AMPK, mimicking caloric restriction. A staple in telemedicine anti-aging protocols, especially the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial framework.

How Metformin Works

Activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits mitochondrial complex I, reduces hepatic glucose output, and activates autophagy. Mimics the metabolic benefits of caloric restriction.

Dosing Protocol

• Typical dose: 500-1000 mg
• Frequency: 1-2x daily
• Duration: Ongoing
• Route: Oral tablet (extended-release preferred)

Reported Benefits

• AMPK activation
• Anti-aging cellular effects
• Cancer risk reduction
• Cardiovascular protection
• Blood sugar regulation
• Longevity support

Potential Side Effects

• GI upset
• Diarrhea
• B12 depletion
• Lactic acidosis (rare)
• Metallic taste

Research Citations

1. Metformin and all-cause mortality (2022) - Diabetic patients on metformin showed lower all-cause mortality than non-diabetic controls in large observational studies.
2. TAME trial rationale and biomarkers (2023) - Preliminary data suggests metformin reduces epigenetic age acceleration and inflammatory markers in non-diabetic elderly.

Related Anti-Aging Compounds

• Epithalon - Full Profile
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• SS-31 (Elamipretide) - Full Profile
• GDF-11 - Full Profile

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